Genotyping of Two Hulled Barley Cultivars Using DNA Barcoding and The Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) On Growth Enhancement

Soud, Noura Soudy; Hussein, Mona H.A; Moghaieb, Reda E.A.; Fahmy, Ashraf Hussein; Ahmed, Shreen S; Awaly, Sara B.H.

doi:10.21608/ejarc.2025.451648

Genotyping of Two Hulled Barley Cultivars Using DNA Barcoding and The Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) On Growth Enhancement

Document Type : Research articles

Authors

¹ Genetic Engineering, Research Center, Department of genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University

² Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University

³ Department of genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University

⁴ Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center

⁵ Soils, Water and Environment Research, Institute, ARC

10.21608/ejarc.2025.451648

Abstract

Nanotechnology and DNA barcoding represent a groundbreaking and essential scientific transformation applied in several fields globally. The impact of various Fe₃O₄ concentrations, applied via soaking, spraying, or a combination, on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities, in two Egyptian barley cultivars: Giza 130 (salt tolerance) and Giza 136 (salt sensitive) was investigated. DNA barcoding, utilizing trnH-psbA and matK barcodes amplified by PCR and sequenced, distinguished the salt-tolerant from sensitive cultivar. Barcode analysis was performed using DNA Subway, and QR codes were generated for identification. Results showed that the spray method of FeNP application significantly enhanced plant growth compared to other methods. Specifically, spraying barley plants with 50 mg/L FeNPs substantially increased total amino acid and proline content, total sugar, and catalase activity relative to controls. DNA barcoding analysis identified distinct DNA sequences differentiating Giza 130 and Giza 136, and their corresponding QR codes were determined. The genomes of both cultivars exhibited numerous SNP repeats in the trnH-psbA and matK barcoding regions, indicating high polymorphism. This information will aid in identifying salt-tolerant cultivars and advancing breeding programs to develop new high-yield or adaptable barley cultivars with enhanced traits.

Keywords